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Silicon single crystal 14Si28.086
Discovered in 1824 by J.J. Berzelius at Stockholm, Sweden.
[Latin: silicium = hard stone]
French: silicium
German: silikon
Italian: silicone
Spanish: silicio
Description: Black amorphous silicon is obtained by the reduction of sand (SiO2) with carbon. Ultrapure crystals if silicon have a blue-grey metallic sheen. Bulk silicon is unreactive towards oxygen, water and acids (exept HF), but dissolves in hot alkalis. Silicon is used in semiconductors, alloys and polymers.
| Metal single crystal properties | |
|---|---|
| State: | single crystal |
| Crystal structure: | diamond |
| Production method: | Czochralski, Floating zone |
| Standard size: | diameter 20-80mm thickness 1mm |
| Orientation: | (110) and (111) |
| Orientation accuracy: | <2°, <1°, <0.5° or <0.1° |
| Polishing: | as cut, one or two sides polished |
| Roughness of surface: | <0.03µm |
| Purity: | 99.999% |
